Have you ever wondered why Jainism gives so much importance to fasting, meditation, and scriptural study during certain special days? One of the most profound observances in Jain tradition is Ashtahnika Parv, also known as Kartika Ashtahnika when observed in the month of Kartika. This festival is not just about rituals, it is a deep spiritual practice where devotees pause their worldly lives and immerse themselves in eight days of discipline, reflection, and devotion.
In this blog, we’ll explore what Ashtahnika Parv is, why it is celebrated, the rituals performed, and when Kartika Ashtahnika will be observed in 2025. By the end, you’ll understand how this ancient festival continues to guide Jain followers in living a life of self-control and inner purity.
What is Ashtahnika Parv?
The term “Ashtahnika” is derived from the Sanskrit word “Ashta” meaning eight, and “ahnika” meaning daily observance or ritual. Together, it signifies a sacred period of eight days dedicated to worship, penance, and scriptural study.
Ashtahnika Parv holds a central place in the Jain calendar. Unlike many other festivals, which are celebrated in one day, this festival spans over eight days of intense devotion. It is observed three times in a year:
- Kartika Ashtahnika – in the Kartika month (October–November)
- Phalguna Ashtahnika – in the Phalguna month (February–March)
- Ashadha Ashtahnika – in the Ashadha month (June–July)
Out of these, Kartika Ashtahnika is regarded as the most significant, as it aligns with the season of reflection after Diwali, a time when Jain scriptures were first recited and preserved.
Historical and Mythological Significance
According to Jain texts, Ashtahnika Parv has its roots in the ancient practice of monks and nuns engaging in deep meditation and scriptural recitation for eight continuous days. Lay followers would support them by offering food, donations, and participating in rituals.
The importance of eight days is symbolically linked to:
- The eight directions (showing completeness of devotion).
- The eight karmas that bind the soul (which devotees attempt to reduce through austerity).
- The eight forms of worship prescribed in Jain rituals.
Thus, Ashtahnika is a pathway to spiritual cleansing and a reminder that liberation (moksha) comes through detachment, self-control, and constant remembrance of the Tirthankaras.
Rituals and Practices of Ashtahnika Parv
The observance of Ashtahnika Parv is rich with rituals, all designed to promote self-purification and discipline. Here are the key practices:
1. Daily Pujas and Abhisheks
- Devotees perform worship of the Tirthankaras with offerings like rice, flowers, and sandalwood paste.
- Temples are decorated, and special Abhisheks (ceremonial bathing of idols) are conducted.
2. Swadhyaya (Scriptural Study)
- One of the core aspects of Ashtahnika is studying Jain scriptures such as the Kalpa Sutra and Uttaradhyayana Sutra.
- Monks give discourses, and lay followers engage in discussions on philosophy, karma, and dharma.
3. Fasting and Austerity
- Many devotees observe fasts ranging from partial food restrictions to complete fasting for one or more days.
- Practices like Ekasana (eating once a day) or Ayambil Tap (eating plain boiled food without spices, oil, or sweets) are common.
4. Samayik and Pratikraman
- Devotees engage in Samayik (a vow of equanimity and meditation for 48 minutes).
- Pratikraman (daily reflection and repentance of one’s mistakes) is performed with utmost sincerity.
5. Charity and Seva
- Offering food to monks and donations to temples is considered highly meritorious.
- Many temples organize mass feeding programs for devotees.
These eight days create an atmosphere of discipline and community bonding, reminding followers of their spiritual path.
Why is Ashtahnika Parv Important?
Ashtahnika Parv is not just a ritual but a reminder of the core values of Jainism: non-violence, truth, and detachment. Its significance lies in:
- Purification of the soul: By observing penance and rituals, devotees shed karmic impurities.
- Strengthening discipline: Eight days of regulated living cultivate habits of self-control.
- Reviving community spirit: Collective prayers and discussions create unity among Jain followers.
- Connecting with tradition: The festival revives ancient practices of devotion observed since the times of the Tirthankaras.
In essence, Ashtahnika Parv is a spiritual retreat that helps followers pause worldly distractions and turn inward.
When is Kartika Ashtahnika in 2025?
One of the most asked questions is: “When is Kartika Ashtahnika in 2025?”
In 2025, Kartika Ashtahnika Parv will be observed from November 4 to November 11, 2025 (dates may slightly vary depending on lunar calculations and community traditions).
These eight days will be filled with temple celebrations, fasting, scriptural study, and collective prayers, making it one of the most spiritually charged periods in the Jain calendar.
Lessons from Ashtahnika Parv
The teachings of Ashtahnika Parv go far beyond the rituals. They hold valuable lessons for modern life:
- Discipline is the key to purity – Just like devotees discipline their body and mind, we too can regulate our habits for a healthier, calmer life.
- Reflection cleanses the soul – Regular self-reflection (like Pratikraman) teaches us to acknowledge mistakes and improve.
- Simplicity is strength – Fasting and eating plain food remind us that happiness is not in indulgence but in simplicity.
- Community nurtures spirituality – Festivals like this encourage collective worship and remind us that spiritual journeys thrive in community support.
Comparisons with Other Jain Festivals
Though similar to Paryushana, another important Jain festival, Ashtahnika Parv has its own unique features:
- Paryushana is about intense repentance and forgiveness, whereas Ashtahnika emphasizes eight days of ritual worship and scriptural study.
- Paryushana is usually observed once a year, while Ashtahnika occurs thrice a year, giving repeated opportunities for renewal.
This makes Ashtahnika a festival of cyclical renewal, ensuring followers remain connected to their spiritual duties throughout the year.
Ashtahnika Parv, especially Kartika Ashtahnika, is a beautiful reminder of the Jain path—one of discipline, devotion, and detachment. Across its eight days, devotees immerse themselves in fasting, study, prayer, and charity, reconnecting with the timeless values taught by the Tirthankaras.
Observing this festival helps purify the soul, strengthen discipline, and cultivate peace in daily life.
If you’re curious to explore more festivals and their meanings, check out our other blogs on festivals, traditions and their deep spiritual significance.
FAQs
1. What is Ashtahnika Parv?
Ashtahnika Parv is an eight-day Jain festival of devotion, fasting, and scriptural study. It is observed three times a year—in Kartika, Phalguna, and Ashadha months.
2. Why do Jains celebrate Ashtahnika Parv?
Jains celebrate Ashtahnika Parv to purify the soul, practice discipline, and honor the teachings of the Tirthankaras. The eight days symbolize spiritual cleansing and detachment from worldly desires.
3. When is Kartika Ashtahnika in 2025?
In 2025, Kartika Ashtahnika Parv will be observed from November 4 to November 11, 2025 (dates may slightly vary depending on lunar calculations).
4. How is Ashtahnika Parv different from Paryushana?
While both emphasize spiritual growth, Paryushana focuses on repentance and forgiveness, whereas Ashtahnika Parv emphasizes eight days of ritual worship, fasting, and scriptural study.
5. What are the main rituals during Ashtahnika Parv?
The key rituals include:
- Daily worship (puja and abhishek).
- Fasting or following strict food rules like Ayambil Tap.
- Scriptural study (Swadhyaya).
- Meditation (Samayik) and repentance (Pratikraman).
- Offering food and donations to monks and temples.
